DFlight Safety Information October 23, 2012 - No. 213 In This Issue Twin-engine plane lands on I-94 near Racine Just Culture failing in cash-strapped Europe Review to look at unmanned aircraft safety Helicopter crash lands in North Sea,19 people rescued U.K. Helicopter Firms Suspend North Sea Super Puma Flights Drunken airline pilot freed by district court... Two Bush airport workers busted in heroin smuggling sting The Top 20 Airports for TSA Theft PROS IOSA Audit Experts Turkish Airlines' Jet Order Signals Rapid Expansion F-35A test aircraft successfully completes air-to-air missile release test Winglet firm to test modified Citation X with flight from Anchorage to Miami Aviation College to Start Operations in Ethiopia Aviation Research Survey Twin-engine plane lands on I-94 near Racine A twin-engine plane approaching a small airport was forced to make an emergency landing and came to rest in the southbound lanes of I-94 near Racine, Wis., officials said. The Beech plane (B90 King Air) did not strike any vehicles on the highway but blocked all three southbound lanes of the interstate Monday evening, officials said. A passenger was hurt, but her injuries were not believed to be life-threatening, according to the Racine County Sheriff's Department. The pilot, the only other person on board, was not injured. The accident occurred about 6:30 p.m. between Route 11 and Route 20 in Yorkville, said FAA spokeswoman Elizabeth Isham Cory. The plane had been attempting to land at Sylvania Airport, which is adjacent to the highway, officials said. According to FAA information, the plane is registered to Direct Action Aviation out of Reno, Nev. FAA officials are investigating. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chi-faa-twin-engine-plane-lands-on-i94-near-racine- 20121022,0,4989108.story *********** Date: 22-OCT-2012 Time: 06:30 p.m. Type: Beechcraft B90 King Air Operator: Direct Aviation LLC Registration: N821DA C/n / msn: LJ-406 Fatalities: Fatalities: 0 / Occupants: 2 Airplane damage: Substantial Location: I-94 in Racine County between Highways 11 and 20 - United States of America Phase: Landing Narrative: A small, twin-engine skydiving plane crashed into a Wisconsin interstate Monday night 22 October 2012 leaving no one seriously injured but backing up traffic for miles. The plane was carrying two unidentified people, a male pilot who refused medical treatment and a female passenger who suffered minor injuries. The plane overshot a small airstrip a few hundred feet away from the interstate then rolled over a frontage road and onto I-94 in Racine County between Highways 11 and 20 at 6:30 p.m. www.aviation-safety.net Back to Top Just Culture failing in cash-strapped Europe Europe's air traffic control agencies are failing to heed the safety concerns of their employees at a time when they are imposing stringent cutbacks in personnel, recruitment and investment. "We are appalled at the extreme measures taken by several European ANSPs against aviation safety professionals throughout the region who have had the courage to speak out about safety related problems associated with staffing, training, and other serious conditions of employment," said Zeljko Oreski, the International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers Associations' executive vice-president for the European region. He was speaking at IFATCA's European summit held 19-21 October in Belgrade, Serbia, which was attended by 36 of the 42 member associations representing most European states with more than 150 participants. IFATCA insists that 'Just Culture' and the protection of air traffic controllers in the execution of their profession require more attention than ever before and that legal protection for controllers must remain a top priority. IFATCA said it strongly supports the Norwegian Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA) in its struggle to secure appropriate controller staffing levels to ensure the safety of the flying public. "AVINOR, the Norwegian ANSP has sued NATCA when it refused to remove one of their representatives who sounded the alarm for safety. A trial has convened and a ruling from the court is forthcoming," it said. "In Greece, the Government's unwillingness to invest in the aviation system and its professional work force is beginning to have a negative impact on safety," it added. IFATCA strongly believes that controller working conditions have a direct impact on the safety of the operation and that revenue generated solely from system users should be distributed to reward the quality of service and the achievement of performance targets. "The Government is disregarding its legal obligation to reinvest user fees back into the aviation system and continues to compromise the safety of the traveling public by using money for other purposes," it said. IFATCA also raised its concerns over the liberalisation process in Spain. "In an effort to save money, the Government and AENA are collaborating to completely replace the existing staff with new controllers, whose selection and training standards have been significantly degraded, introducing what could become the de facto low-cost (low-safety) air navigation service. Safety is apparently not the main priority for either AENA or the Spanish authorities." "Pragmatic and sustainable change is only possible in Europe with true collaboration among all stakeholders, including air traffic controllers," said IFATCA. "Granting air traffic control associations a voice at the decision- making level would demonstrate true commitment on the part of European governments in providing the public with the standard of air travel they deserve," said Oreski. http://www.airtrafficmanagement.net/2012/10/just-culture-failing-in-cashstrapped-europe/ Back to Top Review to look at unmanned aircraft safety From the "Flying Fish" seaplane to something with a wingspan of a Boeing jetliner, an expected surge in unmanned aircraft could pose a challenge for those responsible for keeping U.S. skies safe. That's why members of Congress influential on aviation matters have asked an independent government watchdog to review whether the Federal Aviation Administration is making progress on meeting a new law to develop a plan for managing that growth. The agency estimates that unmanned aircraft could number 10,000 in five years. "While the capabilities of unmanned aircraft have significantly improved, they have a limited ability to detect, sense, and avoid other air traffic," Jeffrey Guzzetti, who handles aviation audits for the Transportation Department's inspector general's office, said in a memo announcing that agency's examination of FAA preparedness. More than 50 companies, universities and government organizations are developing and producing some 155 unmanned aircraft designs in the United States alone, according to the FAA. Broadly defined, the category includes everything from the "Flying Fish," an 18-pound seaplane the FAA authorized a university to fly over a Michigan lake, to planes with wingspans of more than 100 feet, or similar to a Boeing 737. Small unmanned aircraft, which are expected to make up the bulk of those flying in U.S. airspace, typically weigh less than 55 pounds and fly below 400 feet. Larger aircraft can fly higher than 10 miles and stay up for days. Unmanned aircraft are valued domestically for dirty and dangerous activities, such as penetrating smoky forest fires or hurricanes. They also do lengthy and tedious jobs, such as border security or conducting long- term surveillance. The FAA has approved unmanned operations on a limited case-by-case basis due in part to safety risks associated with integrating the variety of unmanned systems with existing operations by private planes, helicopters and jetliners. The Government Accountability Office, the investigative arm of Congress, reported in 2008 that unmanned systems could not meet safety requirements developed for manned aircraft, posing several obstacles to safe and routine operation in conventional airspace. That watchdog said in September that some progress had been made since its report four years ago, but additional work was necessary to overcome technical and operational obstacles. The nation's airspace accommodates an average of more than 100,000 flights per day involving private, commercial and military aircraft. Experts say unmanned aircraft can be more difficult than manned aircraft to fly because those operating them from ground stations can't feel the weather, hear the engines or see their surroundings. Moreover, problems in the air can be difficult to troubleshoot from the ground. An FAA official said in 2010 that unmanned aircraft patrolling the nation's borders have an accident rate seven times greater than general aviation - privately piloted - aircraft, and 353 times the rate of jetliners. In one incident in 2006, a pilotless Customs and Border Protection aircraft lost contact with the ground and glided for 14 minutes through 30 miles of open airspace in Arizona before crashing several hundred yards from a house. But a new federal law this year setting out the next steps for transforming U.S. air traffic control to a satellite- based system and establishing other aviation priorities, called on the FAA to develop a comprehensive plan for managing unmanned aircraft by 2015. The inspector general's review, requested by the leaders of the Senate Commerce and the House Transportation committees, will assess that effort as well as related safety issues. The FAA said it has already met one congressional requirement by streamlining the process for public agencies to safely fly unmanned aircraft. The agency responsible for air traffic control and aviation safety regulations also has relaxed restrictions, and now allows law enforcement, in certain cases, to operate small unmanned aircraft no higher than 400 feet during daylight. The agency is also in the process of selecting several sites for testing integration of manned and unmanned aircraft. http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2012/10/23/review-to-look-at-unmanned-aircraft-safety/ Back to Top Helicopter crash lands in North Sea,19 people rescued: British coast guard A helicopter ferrying workers from an offshore oil rig crash landed in the North Sea on Monday, British coast guards said, adding that all 19 people aboard had been rescued. The Maritime and Coastguard Agency said in a statement that the Super Puma aircraft went down on its way back from a Total SA-operated rig about 50 kilometres southwest of the Shetland Islands, a Scottish archipelago deep in the North Sea. The CHC Helicopter Corp. operated aircraft was still floating on the surface of the water when all its 19 occupants were picked up from their life raft and brought aboard a nearby tanker, the coast guards, said. They were later flown to the Orkney Islands, a little further south. Energy companies regularly use helicopters to move their workers to and from the offshore platforms that dot the North Sea, a vast and often unsettled body of water which lies between Britain and Scandinavia. Safety has long been a concern and Super Puma aircraft have come under particular scrutiny following a series of accidents and near-misses. Earlier this year, air operator Bond Aviation Group suspended some of its flights after a Super Puma crash landed in the North Sea. In April 2009, 16 people died when a Super Puma en route to the Scottish city of Aberdeen plunged into the sea when its gearbox failed. Only months before, another Super Puma had gone down over the North Sea - although in that case 18 people were rescued with only minor injuries. Scotland's First Minister Alex Salmond said in a statement that the latest incident raised "understandable concerns" which he hoped would be cleared up by an investigation. Union official Jake Molloy echoed the statement. "We need to provide assurances - not just to the workers but to their families - that the primary means of transporting them to and from work is safe," he said. http://www.thetelegram.com/Business/2012-10-23/article-3105180/Helicopter-crash-lands-in-North-Sea,19- people-rescued%3A-British-coast-guard/1 Back to Top U.K. Helicopter Firms Suspend North Sea Super Puma Flights LONDON (WSJ) -Two helicopter operators that transport workers to oil rigs in the North Sea have suspended flights using Super Puma aircraft after one was forced to ditch on Monday. CHC Helicopter and Bond Aviation took the decision after a Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma ditched southwest of Shetland, an archipelago that marks the division of the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. All 17 passengers and two crew, who had been on their way to Total SA's FP.FR -1.80%West Phoenix rig, were rescued safely. But the incident has raised fresh fears about the Super Puma, coming as it did just days after the findings of an investigation into a May crash recommended that the manufacturer, Eurocopter, a unit of European Aeronautic Defence EAD.FR -1.85%and Space Co. NV, review the design of the main gearbox lubrication system. In April 2009 some 16 people died when a Super Puma aircraft belonging to Bond Aviation crashed. Nick Mair, CHC's regional vice president, Western North Sea, said: "The right thing to do is hold all scheduled flights using Super Puma/EC225 aircraft pending receipt of further technical information," adding that the Air Accident Investigation Branch is conducting a full inquiry into the cause of the incident. In a statement, Bond said it has "taken the decision to delay a return to operations of the AS332L2 and EC225 Super Puma helicopters until more detailed information is available." A statement from Step Change in Safety, a group that comprises representatives from industry, regulators and trade unions, said it would meet in the near future to share preliminary information. Back to Top Drunken airline pilot freed by district court A Scandinavian Airlines pilot who failed a breathalyzer test prior to be scheduled to fly a plane out of Arlanda airport in May this year, has been freed by the Attunda District Court. "This is the first case of flying under the influence tried in a court and it is new legislation that is being tested," said Tommy Larsson of the Swedish Airline Pilots Association (Svensk Pilotförening) to news agency TT, adding that they were happy with the result. The court found that it wasn't proven that the man had started an assignment of "essential importance for air safety" when he was found to be over the limit, which would have been necessary to find him guilty of flying under the influence. Had the pilot begun the security checks of the aircraft, he would have been convicted, according to the court. The Scandinavian Airlines crew members were asked to take the test in May while they were carrying out their duties prior to take-off. One of the pilots turned out to be over the legal limit. According to an Aftonbladet source, the man had been working on the outer safety checks of the craft when he tested positive for alcohol in the border police test. The man had a blood alcohol content of over 1.0 promille, which is 0.8 promille over the limit. The limit in Sweden is a blood alcohol content exceeding 0.2 promille alcohol, both for driving and flying. However, at SAS, the rules are even stricter, prohibiting pilots to fly unless they are under the 0.2 promille limit eight hours before take-off. After testing positive for alcohol the man was not allowed to fly and has since been relieved of his duties and has lost his flight certificate. The court does not contest that the man was not in any state to fly the plane, but found that he could not be found guilty of flying under the influence, which was good news according to the Pilot's Association: "We don't defend his actions, just the criminal charge. It is important to separate what is written in the SAS policy and in the legislation," said Larsson to TT. New rules came into effect in September 2010, making it possible for police to carry out checks on crew. At the Arlanda and Bromma airports near Stockholm, 1,452 people have been checked between January and September 2012. http://www.thelocal.se/43998/20121023/ Back to Top Two Bush airport workers busted in heroin smuggling sting Two Bush Intercontinental Airport employees are in federal custody, accused of smuggling heroin at the airport, according to the U.S. Attorney's Office. Rolin Eli Escober, 50, of Houston, and Elidia Molina, 33, of Humble, are each charged with possessing and conspiring to possess a controlled substance, court records show. Federal prosecutors said Escober and Molina used their status as employees at Bush to circumvent airport security measures and smuggle more than two kilograms of heroin and 13 kilograms of sham heroin on Oct. 19. Molina is employed by DAL Global Services, investigators said. Both men are accused of smuggling the drugs in exchange for cash from an undercover Homeland Security Investigations special agent who posed as a narcotics trafficker. On one occasion, the complaint alleges, they smuggled $100,000 in U.S. currency, 1.2 kilograms of heroin and numerous fraudulent documents. The suspects were arrested on Oct. 19 after successfully smuggling the real and fake heroin around security and returning it to the waiting undercover agents near the boarding gate. If convicted, they each face from 10 years to life in prison and a fine of up to $4 million. The investigation was conducted by Homeland Security, the Houston Police Department's Narcotics Division, Transportation Security Administrative Office of Law Enforcement and the Houston Airport System. http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Two-Bush-airport-workers-busted-in-heroin- 3973873.php Back to Top The Top 20 Airports for TSA Theft Between 2002 and 2011, Miami, JFK and Los Angeles airports led the nation in the number of TSA agents fired for alleged theft. Your suitcase has been tagged and whisked away for a TSA security check before being loaded onto a plane en route to your final destination. How safe are the belongings inside? The TSA has fired nearly 400 employees for allegedly stealing from travelers, and for the first time, the agency is revealing the airports where those fired employees worked. Newly released figures provided to ABC News by the TSA in response to a Freedom of Information Act request show that, unsurprisingly, many of the country's busiest airports also rank at the top for TSA employees fired for theft. Sixteen of the top 20 airports for theft firings are also in the top 20 airports in terms of passengers passing through. At the head of the list is Miami International Airport, which ranks twelfth in passengers but first in TSA theft firings, with 29 employees terminated for theft from 2002 through December 2011. JFK International Airport in New York is second with 27 firings, and Los Angeles International Airport is third with 24 firings. JFK ranks sixth in passenger traffic, while LAX is third. Chicago, while second in traffic, ranked 20th in theft firings. The four airports listed in the TSA's top 20 list of employee firings for theft that aren't also among the FAA's top 20 for passenger activity are Salt Lake City International, Washington Dulles, Louis Armstrong New Orleans International, and San Diego International. The top airports across the U.S. for TSA employees fired for theft are: 1. Miami International Airport (29) 2. JFK International Airport (27) 3. Los Angeles International Airport (24) 4. Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (17) 5. Las Vegas-McCarren International Airport (15) 6. Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport and New York-Laguardia Airport (14 each) 8. Newark Liberty, Philadelphia International, and Seattle-Tacoma International airports (12 each) 11. Orlando International Airport (11) 12. Houston-George Bush Intercontinental Airport and Salt Lake City International Airport (10 each) 14. Washington Dulles International Airport (9) 15. Detroit Metro Airport and Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport (7) 17. Boston-Logan International, Denver International and San Diego International airports (6) 20. Chicago O'Hare International Airport (5) During a recent ABC News investigation, an iPad left behind at a security checkpoint at the Orlando airport was tracked as it moved 30 miles away to the home of the TSA officer last seen handling it. Confronted two weeks later by ABC News, the TSA officer, Andy Ramirez, at first denied having the missing iPad, but ultimately turned it over after blaming his wife for taking it from the airport. Ramirez was later fired by the TSA. PHOTOS: A Rogues' Gallery of TSA Agents The iPad was one of ten purposely left behind at TSA checkpoints at major airports with a history of theft by government screeners, as part of an ABC News investigation into the TSA's ongoing problem with theft of passenger belongings. The other nine iPads were returned to ABC News after being left behind. The agency disputes that theft is a widespread problem, however, saying the number of officers fired "represents less than one-half of one percent of officers that have been employed" by TSA. http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/top-20-airports-tsa-theft/story?id=17537887 Back to Top Back to Top Turkish Airlines' Jet Order Signals Rapid Expansion (WSJ) Turkish Airlines on Monday announced its second big widebody aircraft order of the month, with plans to buy 15 additional Boeing Co. BA -0.42%777-300ER jets to help boost its network to 250 destinations by 2015. Traffic at Turkish Airlines, which currently serves 202 cities, soared 27% in the first nine months of the year to cement its position as the fastest-growing flag carrier in the world, eclipsing expansion by its three large Persian Gulf-based rivals. The number of passengers transferring through its Istanbul hub climbed 31% in the first six months of the year from the same period in 2011 as it takes advantage of its geographical position to funnel traffic from Europe, the Americas and Asia through the Middle East and Africa. Unlike Gulf-based rivals such as Emirates Airline, Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways, Istanbul's proximity to Western European markets allowed it to fly single-aisle planes from its hub rather than larger jets, making it easier to launch flights to smaller cities. It also has the benefit of a large domestic market to fuel its long-haul expansion. The latest Boeing order, which includes options for five more planes, will see the additional 777-300ERs arrive between 2014 and 2017, adding to an existing fleet of 12. Earlier this month, the airline ordered 15 additional Airbus 330-300s widebody jets, with the first slated for delivery in 2014. It had a fleet of 194 planes at June 30, with 31 more narrowbody jets due to arrive by 2015. The two widebody orders are valued at $8.3 billion at list prices, though deals of this scale typically attract large discounts. Turkish Airlines, measured by traffic, ended 2011 less than half the size of Emirates and slightly smaller than Qatar Airways, but it expects to carry more than 38 million passengers this year with a growth rate that should see it advance into the global top 15. The rapid expansion of its connecting passenger business has escaped the criticism directed by some rivals at the three Gulf carriers, which are accused of being unfairly subsidized by their governments-a charge they deny. Turkish Airlines is a member of the Star global marketing alliance alongside Deutsche Lufthansa AG, LHA.XE - 2.34%one of the fiercest critics of the Gulf carriers' growth. It also runs a joint-venture leisure airline with the German flag carrier. Back to Top F-35A test aircraft successfully completes air-to-air missile release test In another step forward for the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter program, Lockheed Martin said Monday that an F-35A test aircraft completed the first aerial weapons release of an AIM-120 AMRAAM (Advanced Medium-Range Air- to-Air Missile) from a conventional takeoff and landing (CTOL) aircraft last week. The convetional takeoff and landing aircraft, known as AF-1, jettisoned the instrumented AIM-120 over the China Lake test range from an internal weapons bay. It was the second in-flight weapons release in three days for AF-1. It released a 2,000 pound guided bomb on Oct. 16. The F-35A, the version being built for the Air Force and most foreign buyers, is designed to carry a total payload of up to 18,000 pounds using 10 weapon stations. The F-35A features four internal weapon launch stations located in weapon bays to maximum stealth capability. It can carry both bombs and air-to-air missiles internally, as well as on three external weapon stations per wing. Read more here: http://blogs.star-telegram.com/sky_talk/2012/10/f-35a-test-aircraft-successfully-completes- air-to-air-missile-release-test.html#storylink=cpy Back to Top Winglet firm to test modified Citation X with flight from Anchorage to Miami A Cessna Citation X with winglets will attempt to set time and distance records between Alaska and Florida this week. A Wichita winglet design firm plans to set a transcontinental speed record this week in a modified Cessna Citation X, the world's speediest business jet in operation. The plane is retrofitted with Winglet Technology's unique elliptical winglets - upturned extensions that fit on top of the wing - enhancing the jet's performance, said Winglet Technology president Bob Kiser. Kiser plans to take the plane 3,470 miles nonstop from one corner of North America to another - Anchorage to Miami. That's farther than the manual says the jet is able to handle nonstop. "This is pushing the airplane to its limits," Kiser said. Without the winglets, the plane could not fly that kind of distance, he said. The nonstop flight from Anchorage to Miami is expected to take 7 to 71/2 hours with an average true airspeed of more than 500 knots, or 575 miles per hour, Kiser said. The purpose of the trip is to demonstrate the performance improvements the winglets provide, he said. The winglets, which reduce drag on the airplane, reduce the time it takes for the Citation X to climb to altitude, allow it to fly at higher-than-normal altitudes, and allow it to fly faster at higher altitudes. They also extend the aircraft's range, Kiser said. The plane will carry three passengers, including Kiser, Fred George, senior editor of Business and Commercial Aviation, and Randy Nelson, former vice president of advanced design at Cessna, who was the chief aerodynamicist at the time the Citation X was developed. Al Larson and Chuck Feaga will pilot the aircraft. The group plans to leave Wichita on Thursday, then leave Anchorage for Miami on Friday or Saturday, depending on winds. They're hoping for favorable tailwinds, which are typical when flying to the east, to help make the long trip to Miami. If successful, the flight will set a speed record for the Anchorage-Miami city pair, which to date has not been set in that class of airplane. The record will be certified by the National Aeronautic Association, the official record-keeper for U.S. aviation. The NAA is one of the founding members of the Federation Aeronautique Internationale, the international organization responsible for the certification of all aviation and space records in the world. After reaching Miami, the group will fly the Citation X to Orlando, where the plane will be on display during the 65th annual National Business Aviation Association's convention and exhibition, which begins Tuesday. The show is the world's biggest business jet convention. Winglet Technology, which designs and certifies winglets, was founded in 2001 by Kiser, a Wichita native who spent nearly 20 years at Boeing's modification center in Wichita. The company has been working with Cessna on the winglet for the Citation X for several years. The first Citation X business jet retrofitted with the winglets was delivered in 2009. Since then, 62 have been sold. A winglet retrofit kit costs $415,000. Cessna service centers install the kit for $178,000. Winglet Technology's sister company, Jayhawk Aviation, owns the Citation X making this week's trip. After the flight, the airplane will be for sale. Jayhawk Aviation buys and refurbishes used Citation X business jets, then sells them. The company also helps those interested in buying used Citation X jets with pre-buy inspections and evaluations. It also performs due diligence for the buyer and organizes a refurbishment of the airplane. Jayhawk Aviation was formed after fractional ownership company NetJets began selling some of its Citation Xs. "We saw NetJet airplanes coming into the marketplace," Kiser said. "With a little bit of TLC, these will make a Citation X customer a very nice aircraft for many years to come." Read more here: http://www.kansas.com/2012/10/22/2541863/winglet-firm-to-test- modified.html#storylink=cpy Back to Top Aviation College to Start Operations in Ethiopia A new center for aviation sector training is to be opened in Ethiopia. The new center, the National Aviation College, is a collaborative venture between the National Airways of Ethiopia and Kenya Aeronautical College. The college is intended to cater to the requirements of the Aviation Sector which is in need of skilled manpower. The institute will launch operations by offering training to ticket sales personnel and travel agents as well as cabin crew noted Captain Abera Lemmi, General Manager for National Airways. Instructors for the college will be coming from Kenya to help launch the initial stage of the program and to support expansion into higher training opportunities he said. It is part of the colleges short term aims to offer an internationally accredited degree level program in aviation science, and in support systems said Abera. The college is seeking accreditation from Canadian approving bodies and is in the process of negotiation an affiliation with a Canadian university willing to run joint aviation programs here he added. Two of the institutions with which the college is holding talks for this purpose are the Chinese Sheyang Aerospacce University and the American Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. It is hoped to offer aviation students at the college training in both local and international aviation colleges said Abera. Students that are trained according to the standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization are able to find employment internationally he claimed. http://www.2merkato.com/201210231712/aviation-college-to-start-operations-in-ethiopia Back to Top Aviation Research Survey This research, Impact on Aviation Safety due to Cultural Differences between East and West, is granted by National Science Council, Taiwan (101-2918-I-156-001). The main purpose of this research is to investigate pilots' perception on three key elements of Safety Culture, i.e., Just Culture, Reporting Culture, and Learning Culture, plus their opinions on Cultural differences between east and west in commercial aviation. Department of Tourism Information, Aletheia University Assistant Prof., Meng-Yuan Liao Survey Link: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/viewform?formkey=dDFDUF9JV1pheUxMcUVoSkEtZW92WFE6MQ Curt Lewis